Case Study by Yokogawa: The Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) is an efficient and cost-efficient solution to meet Singapore’s long-term needs for used water collection, treatment, reclamation and disposal. Conceptualised and managed by Public Utilities Board (PUB), Singapore’s national water agency, it was conceived as a cost-effective and sustainable solution to meet Singapore’s long-term used water needs.

One of the key challenges was field device management through PROFIBUS. PROFIBUS incorporates the field device tool/device type manager (FDT/DTM) technology, which enables the monitoring of measured data and the configuration of devices from the operator stations in a central control room. With these requirements in mind, the devices installed in the DTSS were all designed to the PROFIBUS specifications.

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Case Study by Rotork: Era Polymers is a world-class manufacturer of polyurethane systems, producing a diverse range of cast elastomer prepolymers including spray polyurethane and polyureas, rigid and flexible foam systems, rubber binders and floor coatings.

The company wanted to automate the manually operated temperature control of water supplied to the condenser as part of the water/glycol separation process during the manufacture of polyurethane elastomer. The existing temperature variation of only 1-2ºC resulted in an unacceptable level of wasted product, so the success of the project relied on the achievement of exceptionally accurate temperature control, within +/-0.1ºC. The application also called for full automation, operating from a 4-20mA control signal.

Rotork Australia proposed an all-electric control package, consisting of a V-port ball valve operated by a CVA actuator and, following a product demonstration, this package was selected as the ‘stand-out’ best option. With the equipment now installed, the CVA has successfully and autonomously operated with the sophisticated site control system to maintain the water temperature within the required parameters, delivering a ten-fold improvement in performance. As a result, product waste during manufacture has been greatly reduced

The third edition of the Data Acquisition Handbook from Measurement Computing is available for download and has been enhanced to address more practical applications than theoretical measurement issues. Each chapter covers a major topic with sufficient detail to help readers understand the basic principles of sensor operation and the need for careful system interconnections.

The handbook also discusses key issues concerning the data acquisition system’s multiplexing and signal conditioning circuits, and analog-to-digital converters. This popular handbook has also been used by teaching professionals for the instruction of sensor-based measurement techniques.

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Combustion flue gas analysis is used by power plants to optimize fuel/air ratio. By measuring the amount of excess oxygen and/or CO in the flue gases resulting from combustion, plants can operate at the best heat-rate efficiency and lowest NOX, and generate the least amount of greenhouse gas. The theoretical ideal, or the stoichiometric point, is where all fuel reacts with available oxygen in the combustion air, and no fuel or O2 is left over.

In actual practice a perfect mix of fuel and air may not be achievable, operation with 1-3% excess O2 and low parts per million of CO may result in the max achievable heat rate.

In addition to achieving the best combustion efficiency, many plants also have other important goals that effective combustion analysis helps to accomplish: minimizing NOX emissions and reducing slag.

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